Personal Protection and Physiological Maintenance

Welcome back, let’s Build Smart & Build Safe! Many companies treat winter clothing as a matter of personal preference rather than a critical safety control. However, the body’s ability to defend against cold stress depends entirely on effective moisture management and caloric intake. Improper personal protection leads to fatigue, which directly increases the risk of site incidents.

The Three-Layer System

The goal of winter layering is not just to provide warmth, but to manage sweat. Moisture against the skin is the primary driver of rapid heat loss.

1. The Wicking Layer (Base): This layer must be a synthetic or wool material that pulls moisture away from the skin. Cotton should be avoided; it absorbs water, loses all insulating value when wet, and significantly increases the risk of hypothermia.

2. The Insulating Layer (Middle): This layer (fleece, wool, or down) traps air to maintain body heat. In extreme cold, multiple thin insulating layers are more effective than one heavy layer.

3. The Weather Layer (Outer): This should be a wind- and water-resistant shell that allows for internal moisture (vapor) to escape while protecting against external elements.

The Hydration Misconception

Dehydration is often viewed as a summer hazard, but it is equally dangerous in the winter. Cold, dry air causes the body to lose significant moisture through respiration. Furthermore, the body’s "thirst response" is diminished by up to 40% in cold weather.

• Impact: Dehydration reduces blood volume, which impairs the body’s ability to circulate warm blood to the extremities. This increases the risk of frostbite.

• Action: Site supervisors must ensure that water is readily available and that workers are encouraged to drink regularly, regardless of thirst levels. Avoid excessive caffeine, which acts as a diuretic and increases heat loss.

Nutrition and Work-Rest Cycles

The metabolic cost of staying warm is high. The body requires more calories to maintain its core temperature in a cold environment.

• Fueling: Workers should be encouraged to eat high-energy, complex carbohydrates and fats to provide sustained metabolic fuel.

• Administrative Controls: Implement "Warm-Up Breaks." These should occur in a heated area (trailer or van) to allow the body to reset and for workers to inspect their skin for signs of frostbite.

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-The Safety Man