Recognizing the Four Main Hazard Categories

Welcome back, let's Build Smart & Build Safe! Yesterday, we introduced the three-step process for managing hazards. Today, we're making hazard identification systematic by breaking down dangers into four main categories you must look for on every job site.

By recognizing these categories, you ensure your hazard assessment covers all potential sources of harm.

The Four Main Hazard Categories

1. Physical Hazards

These are the most common and visible hazards, involving objects, forces, or environmental conditions that can directly cause injury.

• Examples: Unguarded machinery, high noise levels, extreme heat or cold, poor lighting, trip hazards (cords, debris), or work at height.

2. Chemical Hazards

These involve toxic or irritant substances that can cause illness through inhalation, absorption, or ingestion.

• Examples: Solvents, paints, silica dust from cutting concrete, welding fumes, or exposure to corrosive materials (like concrete additives).

3. Biological Hazards

These are living organisms that can cause disease, infection, or allergic reactions.

• Examples: Mold or mildew in existing structures, sewage, insect nests (wasps, spiders), or animal droppings (rodents, birds).

4. Ergonomic Hazards

These relate to the design of the work environment and tasks that put excessive strain on the body, leading to long-term injuries (MSDs).

• Examples: Repetitive motion, sustained awkward postures (bending or reaching overhead), heavy manual lifting, or hand-arm vibration from tools.

Knowing these four categories means your Job Safety Analysis (JSA) or pre-task plan is comprehensive. Don't just look for tripping hazards; look for chemical exposure and ergonomic strain, too!

Tomorrow, we'll discuss the "Take 5" concept and the importance of continuous hazard assessment.

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-The Safety Man