Struck-By Hazards

Welcome back, let’s Build Smart & Build Safe! Struck-by injuries occur when a worker is hit by a moving vehicle, a falling object, or flying debris. Unlike fall hazards, which often involve a single person at an edge, struck-by hazards usually involve the interaction between different crews, equipment, and levels of the job site. Coordination is the primary defense against these incidents.

Heavy Equipment and The "Crush Zone"

The intersection of pedestrian workers and heavy machinery is one of the most dangerous areas on a site. Blind spots on excavators, cranes, and loaders are often much larger than operators realize.

• Swing Radius Barricades: OSHA 1926.21(b)(2) requires that the swing radius of the rotating superstructure of cranes or excavators be barricaded. This physically prevents workers from entering the "crush zone" between the counterweight and a fixed object.

• Positive Communication: Never approach a piece of equipment until you have made eye contact with the operator and received a clear signal (hand gesture or thumb-up) that they see you and have neutralized the machine.

Vertical Hazards: Falling and Flying Objects

Work occurring on upper decks creates a constant risk for those below. Gravity ensures that a dropped 2-lb wrench has the lethal force of a projectile by the time it reaches the ground floor.

• Toeboards and Netting: Guardrail systems must include toeboards to prevent tools or materials from being kicked off an edge. In high-density areas, debris netting should be installed to catch smaller items.

• Tool Tethering: For workers at heights, tethering hand tools to the person or a structural member is an industry best practice. A hard hat is a secondary defense; stopping the tool from falling is the primary goal.

• Flying Debris: Compressed air used for cleaning or the use of power tools (like grinders) creates high-velocity flying objects. Proper PPE, including face shields and safety glasses, must be worn by the operator and anyone in the immediate vicinity.

Implementation: The "Line of Fire" Audit

Before starting work near equipment or below other crews:

1. Define the Zone: Use cones or tape to mark where pedestrians are prohibited.

2. Inspect Rigging: Verify that all slings and shackles are in good condition to prevent dropped loads.

3. Secure the Perimeter: Ensure that tools on elevated platforms are stored in buckets or tethered when not in use.

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-The Safety Man